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@#Objective To explore ancient and modern medication laws of aromatic Chinese medicines in treating angina pectoris, and to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment. Methods With “angina pectoris” as the key word, ancient books prescriptions and Chinese patent medicines related to angina pectoris were collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Traditional Chinese Medicine Database System, Chinese Medicine Prescription Database, New National Proprietary Chinese Medicine (2nd edition), and Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021. Core high-frequency aromatic Chinese medicines were defined, and their potential medication rules were analyzed and summarized. Microsoft Access 2010 was used for data management. Data analysis software, including Excel and IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 were used for drug association rule analysis, and Cytoscape 3.7.2 for visual display. Results There were 67 ancient books prescriptions and 258 Chinese patent medicines containing aromatic Chinese medicines treating angina pectoris collected from relevant databases. In ancient books prescriptions, there were nine aromatic Chinese medicines with the frequency ≥10, and the most commonly used medicine was Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), followed by Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium). There were 33 aromatic Chinese medicines with the frequency ≥10 in Chinese patent medicines, and the most commonly used medicine was Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), followed by Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma) and Sanqi (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma). In ancient books prescriptions, the medicines mainly belonged to intenal-warming medicines, Qi-regulating medicines, and blood circulation promoting and blood stasis removing medicines. There were eight medicine pairs with confidence equal to 100% in ancient books prescriptions, the most frequently used pairs were Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma) + Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), and Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma) + Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium). In Chinese patent medicines, the aromatic Chinese medicine Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma) could be combined with many other Chinese medicines, among which the Confidence and Support of Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma) + Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) were at a high level. Conclusion Aromatic Chinese medicines for the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease are mainly warm, and the flavors are mainly pungent, sweet, and bitter. They mainly access to the liver, gallbladder, and pericardium meridians. The treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease mainly focuses on warming heart pulse, and promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.
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OBJECTIVE@#To summarize the experiences and outcomes of 108 robot-assisted laparoscopic upper urinary tract reconstruction surgeries conducted by a single surgeon.@*METHODS@#We consecutively and retrospectively reviewed 108 patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic upper urinary tract reconstruction surgeries by a single surgeon from November 2018 to January 2020. The patient demographics, perioperative variables, postoperative complications and follow-up data were recorded. Fifty-three modified dismembered pyeloplasties (MDP), 11 spiral flap pyeloplasties (SFP), 11 ure-teroureterostomies (UUT), 4 lingual mucosal onlay graft ureteroplasties (LMU), 5 appendiceal onlay flap ureteroplasties (AU), 11 ureteral reimplantations (UR), 6 Boari flap-Psoas hitch surgeries (BPS) and 7 ileal ureter replacements (IUR) were enrolled finally. The success was defined as the improvement in subjective pain levels, and the improvement in the degree of hydronephrosis at ultrasound.@*RESULTS@#All the surgeries were successfully completed without open or laparoscopic conversion. The median operative time was 141 min (range: 74-368 min), median blood loss was 20 mL (range: 10-350 mL) and median hospital stay was 4 d (range: 3-19 d) in MDP group, with the success rate of 94.3%. The median operative time was 159 min (range: 110-222 min), median blood loss was 50 mL (range: 20-150 mL) and median hospital stay was 5 d (range: 3-8 d) in SFP group, with the success rate of 100%. The median operative time was 126 min (range: 76-160 d), median blood loss was 20 mL (range: 10-50 mL) and median hospital stay was 5 d (range: 4-9 d) in UUT group, with the success rate of 100%. The median operative time was 204 min (range: 154-250 min), median blood loss was 30 mL (range: 10-100 mL) and median hospital stay was 6 d (range: 4-7 d) in LMU group, with the success rate of 100%. The median operative time was 164 min (range: 135-211 min), median blood loss was 75 mL (range: 50-200 mL) and median hospital stay was 8.5 d (range: 6-12 d) in AU group, with the success rate of 100%. The median operative time was 149 min (range: 100-218 min), median blood loss was 20 mL (range: 10-50 mL) and median hospital stay was 7 d (range: 5-10 d) in UR group, with the success rate of 90.9%. The median operative time was 166 min (range: 137-205 min), median blood loss was 45 mL (range: 20-100 mL) and median hospital stay was 5 d (range: 4-41 d) in BPS group, with the success rate of 83.3%. The median operative time was 270 min (range: 227-335 min), median blood loss was 100 mL (range: 10-100 mL) and median hospital stay was 7 d (range: 5-26 d) in IUR group, with the success rate of 85.7%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The surgeon performed and modified numerous complicated upper urinary tract reconstruction surgeries by the robotic platform, which facilitated the development of the standardized upper urinary tract reconstruction surgical technique.
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Humans , Laparoscopy , Retrospective Studies , Robotic Surgical Procedures , Surgeons , Treatment Outcome , UreterABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the totally extraperitoneal renal autotransplantation with boari flap-pelvis anastomosis in the treatment of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), and to review the experience of renal autotransplantation for UTUC treatment.@*METHODS@#One case of applying the totally extraperitoneal renal autotransplantation with boari flap-pelvis anastomosis to the UTUC treatment was reported, and related literature was reviewed. The patient was a sixty-four-year old man who received right radical nephroureterectomy for right ureteral carcinoma 1 year before and diagnosed as left ureteral carcinoma(G2, high grade) this time. In order to preserve his renal function and avoid the shortness of common kidney-sparing surgery, a totally extraperitoneal procedure, including retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy, ureterectomy, renal autotransplantation and Boari flap-pelvis anastomosis, was performed to the patient.@*RESULTS@#The operation was completed successfully without perioperative complications. The renal function recovered to preoperative level within 1 week. No deterioration of renal function during the follow-up and no tumor recurrence was observed under cystoscopy at the 3-month postoperative consult.@*CONCLUSION@#The totally extraperitoneal renal autotransplantation with Boari flap-pelvis anastomosis is a feasible and effective treatment for UTUC. The innovative procedure has several advantages compared to the former ones. The extraperitoneal procedure results in significantly less pain, shorter hospital stay, decreased overall time to recovery and lower bowel complications risk without warm ischemia time extension. Meanwhile, the Boari flap-pelvis anastomosis simplifies the follow -up protocols and creates an easy route for cystoscopy and topical therapy. From the systematic clinical analysis, as well as the related literature review, it's been concluded that the renal autotransplantation can be a reasonable option for the patients who have UTUC in solitary kidney or have bilateral UTUC. This type of treatment possesses advantages of preservation of renal function and total resection of malignant lesions. But long-term data and large cohort study on renal function or tumor recurrence are still absent which will be necessary to confirm the advantages of this approach.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Anastomosis, Surgical , Cohort Studies , Kidney Neoplasms , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Nephrectomy , Pelvis , Transplantation, Autologous , Ureter , Ureteral NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Abstract@#From the perspective of healthy China, the promotion of adolescent health literacy should be transformed from pure medical health promotion to non-medical health intervention and biomedical intervention. Based on the background, train of thought, framework, process, this paper tries to construct the model of promoting adolescent health literacy. It is concluded that the promotion of adolescent health literacy is mainly organized and implemented by schools, communities and medical institutions, with the evaluation system of "3+6" health literacy as the main content, and the measures of promoting sports and medicine should be emphasized. Through the school health education, the community health service, the medical health service multiplex way enhances the youth health literacy level.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Bushen Huoxue decoction on calcification of cartilage endplate in lumbar vertebrae.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six healthy male gerbils with 2-month-old were selected as normal control group, and 24 7-month-old healthy male gerbils were fed to 12-month-old to establish the aged gerbil model. Thirty gerbils were randomly divided into five groups as follow: the normal control group (=6), model group (=6, normal saline 4 ml/kg, intragastric 30 d), Bushen Huoxue low dose group(=6, 1.9× 10⁻ ³ ml/g given Bushen Huoxue recipe orally, 30 d), Bushen Huoxue middle dose group(=6, 3.8× 10⁻ ³ ml/g given Bushen Huoxue recipe orally, 30 d), Bushen Huoxue high dose group(=6, 7.6× 10⁻ ³ ml/g given Bushen Huoxue recipe orally, 30 d), the intervention group administered for 1.36 g from 7-month-old age, 30 d. The animals were sacrificed at the age of 2 months in the normal control group and 12 months of age in the other groups. The morphology of the lumbar vertebral cartilage endplate, the area of vascular bud, the ratio of non-calcified/calcified layer were analysis by HE chromosome visual method. The expression of type X collagen and BMPs in cartilage endplates were detected by rabbit monoclonal immunohistochemical staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relative area of the vascular buds cartilage endplate measurements showed that compared with the model group, middle dose group and normal control group increased (<0.05), high and low dose groups all had different degrees of increase, but no statistical significance(>0.05). The ratio of cartilage endplate thickness of non-calcified/calcified showed that compared with the model group, Bushen Huoxue middle dose, normal control group increased, with statistical significance(<0.05), and high and low dose groups all had different degrees of increase, but there were no statistical significance(>0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression of type X collagen in the cartilage endplate of the normal group, the Bushen Huoxue low, middle and high dose groups decreased, and had statistical significance(<0.01); compared with the model group, the expression of BMPs in the normal group, Bushen Huoxue middle dose group increased, with statistically significant(<0.01), while the high and low dose groups increased in different degrees, but there was no statistical significance(>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Bushen Huoxue prescription can delay the calcification of cartilage endplate in the process of aging, suggesting that it can be used as a preventive medicine for early disc degeneration.</p>
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical characteristics and imaging features of sternum tumor, in order to improve the knowledge of the diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data and imaging data of 18 patients with sternum tumor were retrospectively analyzed. There were 13 males and 5 females, aged from 24 to 73 years old with an average of 58.3 years. Eleven patients were treated by conservative treatment and 7 patients were treated by surgery. The course of disease ranged from 2 months to 6 years. One patient had no obvious symptoms and 1 patient had a history of chest trauma. Lesion location, pattern of bone destruction, cortical bone abnormality, MRI signal characteristics and contrast enhancement were observed in the patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eighteen cases included malignant bone tumor in 16 cases and benign tumor in 2 cases;and 7 cases located in sternal manubrium, 9 cases located in sternal body, and 2 cases located in both. On the imaging, sternal tumor had expansively developing tendency, and the bone destruction zone boundary continuity or partial disruption occurred in 15 cases, the border of cortical bone thinning in 2 cases, the cortical bone increased thickness in 1 case. No bone marrow edema around tumor was found in 7 cases by MRI and soft tissues was encroached in 2 cases; in T1WI of MRI, 4 cases showed the hypointense signal and 3 cases showed the iso or hyper intensity signal; in T2WI of MRI, 6 cases showed the iso or hyper intensity signal and 1 case showed confounding signal. Enhancement scanning in MRI, premodinantly tumors showed obviously strengthening.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The types of the sternum tumors are various and the most tumors are malignant. The images of the mostly sternum tumor absented same charactiristic, and it must combine with clinical manifestation to analyze the X rays, CT scanning and MRI, it will conduce to improve the diagonstic accuracy of the sternum tumors.</p>
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Objective To discuss the possibility for regeneration of knee joint with normal function under bionics biomechanical environment. Methods Seven normal rabbits with two metal frames respectively mounted on their femur and tibia of single (right) side leg by two threading pins of 1.5 mm diameter were used. Then the external artificial joints, containing two four-bar-linkage inside and outside of the knee to simulate motion trajectory of the joint in sagital plane were connected with the two preset fixed frames before osteotomy. The arthro-cartilage of the knee joint, crucial ligaments, semi-lunar fibro-cartilages, and partial under-cartilage-osseous intra articular capsule were cut off during osteotomy, with the patella, sesamoid bones remained intact. Insertion sites of muscle tendons were not invaded as far as possible, and capsules with ligaments outside were kept complete when the incision wound was closed by suture. The rabbits could move freely after osteotomy. The range of motion (ROM) of the knees in sagital plane and bony gap between the femur and tibia were measured by X-Ray films during the fracture healing after osteotomy. Results External artificial knee joints were successfully installed on right legs of 6 rabbits among the seven. The rabbits moved freely after osteotomy under the control of minimal invasive external artificial joint in bionics trajectory. The average angles between femoral shaft and tibial shaft at the 1st week after osteotomy were from (144.7±15.62)° in extremely flexed position to (44.2±25.77)° in extremely extended position, with ROM of (100.5±29.03)°. At the 12th week, the average angles were from (139.4 ± 12.92)° in extremely flexed position to (40.4±22.04)° in extremely extended position, with ROM of (99.0±23.39)°. No significant differences were displayed in flexed/extended position and ROM between the 1st and 12th week, with the bony gaps of the knees still existed but decreased significantly from (4.03±1.84) mm at the 1st week to (2.32±1.05) mm at the 12th week. In contrast, bony gaps of the opposite knees were not changed significantly, which were (1.27±0.22) mm on average. At the end of 16th week after osteotomy, the external artificial joints were removed. Newly born cartilage, with white color and smooth surface, were covered at lower end of the femur and upper end of the tibia. Typical trochlear surface appeared at the front side of regenerated cartilage corresponding to the posterior surface of the patella. And the regenerated fibro-bundle linkage similar with ligament, which started from bony structure of regenerated lower end of the femur and inserted into regenerated upper end of the tibia, was observed in each rabbit. At the 25th week, the average angles between femoral shaft and tibial shaft were from (148.3 ± 4.75)° in extremely flexed position to (48.30±17.57)° in extremely extended position, with ROM of (100.0±20.80)°. In the opposite (left) leg, the average angles between femoral shaft and tibial shaft were from (148.3±7.5)° in extremely flexed position to (21.6±9.09)° in extremely extended position, with ROM of (126.7±6.88)°, and the average bony gap of the knees after osteotomy was (1.4±0.59) mm, while that of the opposite (left) knees was (0.92±0.35) mm. Conclusions The external artificial joint with bionics trajectory could reserve the space for regeneration of rabbit knee joint by providing motion modeling environment, and proved the stress adaption during fracture healing. The present results indicated that regeneration of the knee joint after intra-capsular osteotomy in bionics biomechanical environment was possible.
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Obstructive nephropathy ultimately leads to end-stage renal failure. Renovascular lesions are involved in various nephropathies, and most renal diseases have an ischemic component that underlies the resulting renal fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether morphological changes occur in the renal vasculature in hydronephrosis and the possible mechanisms involved. A model of complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (CUUO) was used. Experimental animals were divided into five groups: a normal control group (N) and groups of animals at 1st week (O1), 2nd week (O2), 4th week (O4) and 8th week (O8) after CUUO. Blood pressure was measured, renal arterial trees and glomeruli were assessed quantitatively, and renovascular three-dimensional reconstruction was performed on all groups. Glomerular ultrastructural changes were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in the obstructed groups (O1, O2, O4 and O8). Three-dimensional reconstruction showed sparse arterial trees in the O8 group, and a tortuous and sometimes ruptured glomerular basement membrane was found in the O4 and O8 groups. Furthermore, epithelial media thickness and media/lumen ratio were increased, lumen diameters were decreased, and the cross-sectional area of the media was unaltered in the segmental renal artery, interlobar artery and afferent arterioles, respectively. In conclusion, renal arterial trees and glomeruli were dramatically altered following CUUO and the changes may be partially ascribed to vascular remodeling. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of renovascular morphological alterations will enable the development of potential therapeutic approaches for hydronephrosis.
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Obstructive nephropathy ultimately leads to end-stage renal failure. Renovascular lesions are involved in various nephropathies, and most renal diseases have an ischemic component that underlies the resulting renal fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether morphological changes occur in the renal vasculature in hydronephrosis and the possible mechanisms involved. A model of complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (CUUO) was used. Experimental animals were divided into five groups: a normal control group (N) and groups of animals at 1st week (O1), 2nd week (O2), 4th week (O4) and 8th week (O8) after CUUO. Blood pressure was measured, renal arterial trees and glomeruli were assessed quantitatively, and renovascular three-dimensional reconstruction was performed on all groups. Glomerular ultrastructural changes were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in the obstructed groups (O1, O2, O4 and O8). Three-dimensional reconstruction showed sparse arterial trees in the O8 group, and a tortuous and sometimes ruptured glomerular basement membrane was found in the O4 and O8 groups. Furthermore, epithelial media thickness and media/lumen ratio were increased, lumen diameters were decreased, and the cross-sectional area of the media was unaltered in the segmental renal artery, interlobar artery and afferent arterioles, respectively. In conclusion, renal arterial trees and glomeruli were dramatically altered following CUUO and the changes may be partially ascribed to vascular remodeling. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of renovascular morphological alterations will enable the development of potential therapeutic approaches for hydronephrosis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Blood Pressure , Disease Models, Animal , Glomerular Basement Membrane , Pathology , Hydronephrosis , Pathology , Renal Artery , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the differences in damage degree, healing time and healing process between two animal models of defection fracture and provide the research data for the establishment of a new animal model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty male SPF Spragur-Dawley rats were divided randomly into control group, sawing group and drilling hole group, with 20 rats in each group. Animals of drilling hole group were treated with hone drill and made an 1 mm hole on tibial plateau animals of sawing group were treated with saw and made an 3 mm defection on tibial plateau; nothing to do in animals of control group. The rats were respectively killed at 2nd, 4th weeks after operation, bone density, bone ash quantity, contents of bone Ca, P were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the 2nd week after operation, bone density, bone ash quantity, contents of bone Ca, P in drilling hole group and sawing group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Two animal models of drilling hole group and sawing group were similar in X-ray films and pathology investigations. At the 4th week after operation, there were no significant defference in bone density and bone ash quantity among three groups (P > 0.05). Rats of sawing group showed more poroma and inflammatory infiltration in histological examination.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Drilling hole method and sawing method could be used to make animal model of defection fracture, two methods showed similar damage degree, healing time and healing process, hut drilling hole method have advantages of simple operation, easily control damage degree and less inflammatory infiltration and bone disunion.</p>
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Animals , Male , Rats , Bone Density , Disease Models, Animal , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Tibia , Pathology , Tibial FracturesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study clinical effects of plaster combined with splint for the treatment of Gartland type 1I humeral fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2002 to May 2006, 24 children with humeral supracondylar fractures of Gartland type ill were reviewed. Among the patients, 14 patients were male and 10 patients were female, ranging in age from 4 to 12 years, averaged 6.6 years. Ten patients had injuries in the left and other 14 patients had injuries in the right limb. Firstly, the patients were treated with manipulative reduction to maintain the length of humerus without emphasis on anatomic reduction. Then, the patients were treated with external fixation using plaster for 5 to 7 days, and secondary manipulative reduction after swelling disappeared. Lastly, the patients were treated with external fixation using splint for 4 to 5 weeks until fracture union.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 5 months to 2 years, with an average of 1.2 years. All the patients had no complications such as neurovascular injury, myositis ossificans, forearm compartment syndrome and Volkmann contracture. According to ZHU Xiao-ting evaluation criteria for humeral supracondylar fractures in children, 12 patients got an excellent result, 8 good, 3 poor and 1 bad.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Treatment of child humeral supracondylar fractures with plaster and splint has several advantages such as avoiding serious soft tissue injuries around fractures due to many times reduction, fracture dynamic correction to obtain satisfactory reduction, reducing complications, obtaining good reduction, and restoring elbow function in a relatively short period of time.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Casts, Surgical , Humeral Fractures , Diagnostic Imaging , General Surgery , Radiography , SplintsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of aqueous extract of Aralia echinocaulis Hand.-Mazz on the expression of fracture healing-ralated factor receptors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Single factor model was set up in SD rat. Selecting 14 and 28 days in the experiment. Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the expression of Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), Fms-like tyrosine kinase (Flt-1) and Fetal licer kinase (Flk-1) at 14 and 28 days after model establishing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of Flt-1 and Flk-1 at 14 days (the latter was more remarkable) were obviously promoted in High dose group of aqueous extract of Aralia echinocaulis Hand.-Mazz, and higher than that in normal group and model group. The expression of FGFR2 in the high dose group of Aralia echinocaulis Hand -Mazz was also promoted visibility, close to that in the compare group (traditional Chinese medicine), but higher than than in the model group. There was no significant difference among them. At 28 days, the expression of FGFR2, Flt-1 and Flk-1 in all groups decreased except normal group, and got higher expression in model groups than each control groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Aqueous extract of Aralia echinocaulis Hand.-Mazz can promote angiogenesis in fracture healing, improve the activity and aggregation of fibroblasts, osteoblasts and chondrocytes. It also helps to quicken ossification in the cartilage and promote fracture healing.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Aralia , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Fibroblast Growth Factors , Metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Metabolism , Wound HealingABSTRACT
Objective An effective but simple method for quantifying the fracture healing progress was provided to obtain more information on fracture healing mechanics from plain X-ray film. Method Twelve rabbits were used for experimentally osteotomy at the middle tibiae, each of which was fixed by the sliding fixator with four pins of 1.5 mm diameter, with mini transducer of displacement measuring the sliding micro movement between the fractured bone fragments, denoted as ΔL. The bending rigidity, denoted as K=P/ ΔL, of the rabbits’ tibia (with sliding fixator together) were recorded by computer data assembling system once a week, where P was the load on the fracture site from anterior of the tibia by manual operation of a loading transducer. The anterior posterior and lateral radiographs were also taken every week by digitally upgraded X-ray radioscope. The effective weakest transverse curved interfaces were found, and the equivalent bending moments of inertia were calculated from the radiographs automatically, by gray scan along the longitudinal axis of the tibia upon the image programs edited in Delphi programming environment. And they were used for quantitative description of the rigidity of the healing bone. Results The sliding fixators were removed in 29~41 days after the osteotomy. Ratios of the minimum to the maximum of equivalent bending moments of inertia for each fracture bone were calculated. And they were found to increase via the healing time. The means of the ratios of all twelve rabbits calculated from lateral radiographs were (0.31±0.17) for the first week, (0.34±0.13) for the second week，(0.43±0.20) for the third week, and (0.56±0.23) for the fourth week after the osteotomy, respectively. From anterior posterior radiographs, the means of the ratios were (0.40±0.19), (0.47±0.16)， (0.56±0.20), and (0.66±0.11), respectively. These ratios were significantly correlated with the bending rigidity K of the fracture tibia of the rabbits. The means of K value was （3.976±4.986）N•μm-1 before the operation，and （0.679±1.026）N•μm-1 for the first week，（2.115±3.233）N•μm-1 for the second week，（3.459±4.723）N•μm-1 for the third week and （4.788±4.831）N•μm-1 for the fourth week after the operation, respectively. Conclusions The growth of external callus has its own rules. It can be distinguished from plain radiographs easily, and it grows from either side of the fracture site and meets together gradually, filling up the gap at the fracture site at last. The methods described in this paper could reflect the feeling when reading the radiographs.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical effect of umbilical application with Lunxieting Paste (LXT) for the treatment of infantile rotavirus enteritis (IRE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and ninety infants with IRE were randomly assigned into three groups, 55 in Group A, 60 in Group B and 75 in Group C. All were treated with conventional therapy, mainly the dehydration and acidosis correcting, rehydration salt and antiviral therapy; but to patients in Groups B and C, an additional medication of Smecta 1.5 g, thrice a day. for infants below 1 year and 3 g, thrice a day. for those between 1-2 years old, by orally taken with 0.05 L of warm water and umbilical application with LXT (one dose per day, containing 6.0 g of crude drug) was given respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 69.1% in Group A, 75% in Group B and 92% in Group C, respectively, showing significant difference (P<0.05) in comparing Group C with Groups A and B. Moreover, serum levels of TNF-alpha were decreased and IFN-gamma increased in Group C after treatment, all showed statistical significance as compared with those in the other two groups (P<0.05). No significant adverse reactions were observed in all patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Umbilical application of LXT could effectively alleviate the diarrhea symptom in IRE patients, accelerate the negative inversion of rotavirus, and reduce the injury of intestinal membrane, showing a therapeutic efficacy more effective and quicker than that of conventional treatment with more convenience for use.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Administration, Cutaneous , Combined Modality Therapy , Diarrhea, Infantile , Virology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Enteritis , Virology , Phytotherapy , Rotavirus Infections , Drug Therapy , UmbilicusABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Ultrasound scanning can provide the information of acoustic impedance through the ultrasonic reflection theory. This study tries to introduce the application of the ultrasonic technique in predicting biomechanical properties of cancellous bone.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rat femoral head embedded in plexiglass was used as the bone specimens for ultrasound scanning and the gray scale images scanned by ultrasound microscope were collected and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The value of acoustic impedance was calculated by analyzing the gray scale image.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The application of ultrasonic microscopy can show more value about the microstructure of biomechanical properties of bone tissue.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Biomechanical Phenomena , Bone Density , Femur Head , Diagnostic Imaging , Physiology , Microscopy, Acoustic , Methods , OsteoporosisABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore in vivo effects of Qizheng-xiaotong plaster on soft tissue injury in rabbit ears at different periods and to offer theoretical bases for clinical application.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The experimental models of soft tissue injury in ears were produced in 10 New Zealand white rabbits, and the ears were divided into three groups at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd week. The normal group and treatment group were given the Qizheng-xiaotong plaster extract, and the model group with normal saline. Microscopic analysis, digital collection system, infrared temperature tester and thickness tester were applied to determine the changes of soft tissue injury in local microcirculation and the temperature change after 0, 0.5, 3 and 5 hours, and swelling change at 1 to 5 days respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the 3rd hour, blood velocity speeded up in normal group and model group, and it lasted for two hours in model group. As compared with model group, it slowed down to original level in treatment group at the 5th hour and the soft tissue swelling decreased from the 3rd to the 5th day as well.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The application of Qizheng-xiaotong plaster is effective in preventing further soft tissue oedema and haematoma. It can make the soft tissue swelling decreased at chronic stage compared with that at acute stage.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rabbits , Disease Models, Animal , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Ear, External , Wounds and Injuries , Microcirculation , Soft Tissue Injuries , Drug TherapyABSTRACT
Insufficient intracellular fat oxidation is an important contributor to aging-related insulin resistance, while the precise mechanism underlying is unclear. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important regulator of intracellular fat oxidation and was evidenced to play a key role in high-glucose and high-fat induced glucose intolerance. In the present study, we investigated whether altered AMPK expression or activity was also involved in aging-related insulin resistance. Insulin sensitivity of rats' skeletal muscles was evaluated using in-vitro glucose uptake assay. Activity of alpha subunit of AMPK (AMPKalpha) was evaluated by measuring the phosphorylation of both AMPKalpha (P-AMPKalpha) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (P-ACC), while expression of AMPKalpha was assessed by determining the mRNA levels of AMPKalpha1 and AMPKalpha2, and protein contents of AMPKalpha. Compared with 4-month old rats, 24-month old rats exhibited obviously impaired insulin sensitivity. At the same time, AMPKalpha activity significantly decreased, while AMPKalpha expression did not alter during aging. Glucose transporter 4 expression also decreased in old rats. Compared with 24-month old rats, administration of the specific activator of AMPK, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), significantly elevated AMPKalpha activity and GluT4 expression. Also, aging-related insulin resistance was significantly ameliorated by AICAR treatment. In conclusion, aging-related insulin resistance is associated with impaired AMPKalpha activity and could be ameliorated by AICAR, thus indicating a possible role of AMPK in aging-induced insulin resistance.